You need to wait a few month for a limit raise
First, you don’t even have a score yet. It takes at least 6 month to start scoring.
Second, I’d wait a little before asking to raise your limit, at least 6 month.
A single hard inquiry will only lower your credit score by a few points. Nothing to worry about.
The inquiry will probably go down as a soft inquiry, because you already have business with them. Maintenance inquiries by creditors are soft inquiries. They will appear on your credit report but are not considered by Fico.
The best way to get your credit limit raised is to use most of your limit, wait for the statement and pay it in full every month. Some credit card companies will even raise your limit automatically, but you can also ask for it. But wait a few months. It’s too early now.
As to your second question, the amount reported to the credit bureaus is the same amount your balance shows at ever month closure. It would be $30 in your case.
Hope this helps.